Improving Mens Health Through Mens Sheds

Question: Describe about the Improving Mens Health Through Mens Sheds. Answer: Introduction The health of men in Australia is comparatively poorer than that of women. Notably, unemployed, retired, uneducated men with little knowledge on health, and from poor economic backgrounds suffer from chronic diseases in the form of mental health. The high risk of poor mens health is caused by the lack of services offered in specific and friendly environments to the male which hinders the delivery of medical services. Consequentially, mens sheds programs were introduced to help in providing emotional, social and health benefits to participants (Wilson and Whatley 2013). The objective of this paper, therefore, is to help in a better comprehension of the influence of mens sheds on the well-being and social status of indigenous males. As a result, the methods of study utilized in understanding and evaluating its effect involved a comprehensive analysis of Australia and focus groups with members of mens shed. According to the studys outcomes, indigenous males experienced both positive and negative effects of the program since its introduction. Arguments for Men's Sheds programs This focuses on the positive implications of men's sheds programs on men, families, partners and the community at large. The benefits of men's shed programs amongst many others include; Providing support to men suffering from mental and devastating illnesses Statistics on health point to the fact that many men in Australia suffer mental illnesses and lack the needed care and support in coping with the disease. Men's sheds provide care and support programs to make them feel appreciated (Moylan and Robinson 2015). Easing the shift of men from permanent employment to other duties in retirement The majority of sheds have workshops that contain machinery and tools used in the construction and repair of different types of products.as a result many men engage in crafts, repair of machinery that are old and refurbishing computers. Additionally, they provide work experience and development skills usable in the long run to the unemployed men in the organization. Linking men with no regular medical contact to the health systems Indigenous men usually lack contact with the healthcare systems due to strain in finances and as such, they feel neglected. The men's shed program, however, unites the men through education based programs that sensitize them in the need for embracing information on health. This has been ensured by eradicating female-dominated health services and using a better approach in reaching the men (Golding and Carragher 2015). Forming a platform where men interact and engage in activities to promote their health conditions Through well-managed groups, men open up about their issues including those on health and address them in the company of families, health providers and friends. This is mostly manifested in rural settings where men prefer learning delivered in less official, structured, real group situations they are comfortable with. Building principles in mens shades where trust and respect are considered Often, men delay pursuing health facilities and advice because of the nature of hospitals being dominated by female professionals whom they are not comfortable talking to. Therefore mens sheds should offer better mechanisms to help in making men comfortable and wanted in the organization (Langton and West 2016). Enhancing the finding of health problems in men Men's sheds assist in identification of prolonged illnesses such as diabetes, cancer and emotional and mental health problems such as loneliness, low self-esteem, and boredom alike. Through this, they help in promoting the social and economic health of the people and community at large (Lorig and Rowe 2013). Social benefits of the program Mens sheds programs have assisted in helping men have a sense of purpose, accomplishment, control, engagement, self-esteem and support. These have been manifested through learning new skills, contribution to the community, participation in activities, interaction with others and feeling loved by everyone (Wilson and Cordier 2013). Arguments against Men's Sheds programs This seeks to look into the challenges facing the implementation of the mens sheds program and to explain the reasons as to why people dont have faith in it. These following concerns have been raised by the public. The Loss of ownership of the mens shed initiative at the local level The main reason why older men prefer Mens Sheds is that they feel a sense of ownership over the scheme, contributing to the effective operation of the program. However, men feel that the shed is theirs and they can directly influence the operations of the program and formulate laws governing them. They do these despite the fact that the program is under the guide of another organization, hence the lack of a recognized ownership and determination at the grassroots. Lack of democracy in the men's shed program It is essential for each and every association to have a democratic process that is incorporated into its systems. This will ensure that everyone irrespective of age and status participates in the running of the organization in one way or another. However, there is no democratic process in the men's shed as it does not accommodate the contribution of the older men when concerns are raised. The bureaucratic nature and interference in the mens shed Just the same way the lack of democracy and ownership, interference and bureaucracy nature also contribute much to dissatisfactions in the mens shed. Usually, this becomes a This especially becomes a threat if the bureaucracy holds the sole responsibility of allocating grant money and guiding the shed.it is important for the bureaucracy to recognize that the shed is meant for the indigenous men and as a result should be run by the participants themselves and not them (Southcombe and Bartram 2015). The problem of over-formalization of the program The mens sheds principles are complicated and very difficult to understand to the men and the public who are interested in their operations. This contradicts the main reason why men find the sheds environment secure and comfortable to settle in which is its informality as they are able to follow the rules and regulations (Hansji and Cordier 2015). As a result, it was observed that men prefer informality to a strict procedure that may strain the ability of men to adapt to frequently changing needs. Lack of services offered to men Over the course of time, it has been observed that mens sheds do not provide services in its goals to men but rather it's merely an organization by men. The goals of the scheme are to offer services to men and help them realize their potential, that is for the unemployed and safeguard the interests of the old folks. This should serve to contradict the usual contemporary feeling where people view that they are friendly places where people choose to go. The conversion of mens sheds into health centers Mens Sheds should not be considered as medical centers or stations for providing health services as they are perceived lately by the public. However, at the discretion of the members of the shed, health educators and practitioners can be invited to give education to the people on medical services. The factor that has contributed to this phenomenon is that the members of the health sheds have improved health outcomes as opposed to non-members hence the intervention of the government in these procedures. Some mens sheds are focused solely on making profits Frequently a number of men's sheds lose focus and concentrate on making financial profits rather than considering the plight of men, a money dimensional approach. This is a negative impact on people in the organization as most men are retired from permanent employment and seek to live a stress-free life rather than contributing to the finances of the organization (Oliffe and Han 2014). Lack of inclusiveness in the scheme Men's sheds have been accused of being discriminative of the members that constitute its organization and that membership is based on beliefs and background of an individual. This is unlike other big schemes that admit people irrespective of ethnicity or religion hence making the public lose confidence in it. Lack of sufficient insurance covers Insurance covers are of utmost importance in the preparation of combat organization associated risks and as such it is undeniably evident that mens sheds should have them. Mens sheds should have insurance covers to ensure a long sustainability and the efficient running of operations in the organization and to cover for the interests of other members. Rampant nature of occurrence of accidents and injuries in the organization This phenomenon had been seen and experience by a majority of visitors to the scheme and has called for its subsequent closure. An organization usually owes a standard and duty of care to its customers and employees and in this situation where the public and men are serviced, they are entitled to protection. Evidently, it is the role and responsibility of all members of the shed to report a breach of the duty of care to the relevant authorities and not to wait for an accident to happen. The problem of poor governance and obedience The constitution of mens sheds is not being followed, which results in poor decision-making practices and management of the organization. There is the need for sensitization and education of the members on the provisions of the constitution of the sheds so that all members are aware of its demands to avoid further violations of the laws. Conclusion In conclusion, the initiative of mens shed has unlocked avenues for many significant results in the health and welfare of men being accomplished in Australia, plus those of the natives. Moreover, the structure of mens sheds provides for where men learn, share health and related information, socialize and support one another with personal and community comfort. For men not in connection with the medical system, this program enhances their ability to improve their health standards as they receive special attention since they are considered vulnerable. Despite the fact that there are different health spaces for indigenous men, the men's shed program still proves of much more benefits to them. Therefore men's sheds program is essential for the improvement of the health standards of the men in Australia as this paper outlines. References Cavanagh, J., McNeil, N. and Bartram, T., 2013. The Australian Men's Sheds movement: human resource management in a voluntary organization. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 51(3), pp.292-306. Cordier, R. and Wilson, N.J., 2014. Mentoring at Men's Sheds: An international survey about a community approach to health and well?being. Health social care in the community, 22(3), pp.249-258. Culph, J.S., Wilson, N.J., Cordier, R. and Stancliffe, R.J., 2015. Men's Sheds and the experience of depression in older Australian men. Australian occupational therapy journal, 62(5), pp.306-315. Flood, P. and Blair, S., 2013. Mens sheds in Australia: Effects on physical health and mental well-being. Melbourne: Ultrafeedback for Beyondblue. Golding, Barry, and Lucia Carragher. "Community Mens Sheds and Informal Learning." In Private World (s), pp. 103-118. SensePublishers, 2015. Hansji, N.L., Wilson, N.J. and Cordier, R., 2015. Men's Sheds: enabling environments for Australian men living with and without long?term disabilities. Health social care in the community, 23(3), pp.272-281. Langton, J. and West, B., 2016. One hundred years of annual reporting by the Australian Red Cross: Building public trust and approbation through emotive disclosures. Accounting History, 21(2-3), pp.185-207. Lorig, K., Ritter, P.L., Plant, K., Laurent, D.D., Kelly, P. and Rowe, S., 2013. The South Australia health chronic disease self-management Internet trial. Health Education Behavior, 40(1), pp.67-77. Milligan, C., Dowrick, C., Payne, S., Hanratty, B., Irwin, P., Neary, D. and Richardson, D., 2013. Men's Sheds and other gendered interventions for older men: improving health and wellbeing through social activity-a systematic review and scoping of the evidence base. Lancaster: Lancaster University Centre for Ageing Research. Moylan, M.M., Carey, L.B., Blackburn, R., Hayes, R. and Robinson, P., 2015. The Mens Shed: Providing biopsychosocial and spiritual support. Journal of religion and health, 54(1), pp.221-234. Oliffe, J.L. and Han, C.S., 2014. Beyond Workers Compensation Mens Mental Health In and Out of Work. American journal of men's health, 8(1), pp.45-53. Southcombe, A., Cavanagh, J. and Bartram, T., 2015. Retired men and Mens Sheds in Australia. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 36(8), pp.972-989. Wilson, N.J. and Cordier, R., 2013. A narrative review of Mens Sheds literature: reducing social isolation and promoting mens health and well?being. Health social care in the community, 21(5), pp.451-463. Wilson, N.J., Cordier, R. and Wilson Whatley, L., 2013. Older male mentors' perceptions of a Men's Shed intergenerational mentoring program. Australian occupational therapy journal, 60(6), pp.416-426.

Why You Should Take a Second Look at the SAT II

Going through the college admissions process usually means taking multiple tests, filling out applications, and figuring out what colleges seem like the right fit. Most people just think about the SAT and the ACT, but these days, some universities require another test to get in: the SAT II. What Are The SAT IIs? The SAT IIs, also known as SAT Subject Tests, are tests that focus on specific subjects. They allow you to showcase your skills and knowledge when it comes to certain topics, like History or Math. They’re similar to AP exams, since they focus on one subject, but the APs don’t impact admissions at all. Plenty of universities still require two SAT IIs as a part of the application in order to get accepted. What’s the Difference Between the SAT and SAT IIs? Basically, your SAT score will get you in the door, and your SAT IIs will seal the deal. As Anthony-James Green fromGreen Test Prep says, â€Å"While the SAT/ACT can get you rejected from great schools, but very rarely accepted, the SAT Subject Tests can’t get you rejected from great schools, but they can get you accepted.† Your SAT scores will most likely not be the deciding factor as to whether you get accepted to any college - they just get your application opened. However, your SAT IIs can serve as a booster for your application. If you’re interested in studying a certain subject in college and do very well on the requisite SAT II, it’ll backup your interest and show how much you care about that topic. Should You Take Them? When? Before you can answer that on your own, you should double check every school that you plan on applying to. Since plenty of schools do require them, you won’t have a choice in the matter. But if they don’t require them, the SAT IIs are still a great way toshow your strengthsin a specific subject, and can only benefit you. That doesn’t mean to take as many as possible - really focus on what you know. If you couldn’t or didn’t take an AP exam that you think you’d ace, it might be worth considering that SAT II exam. On the other hand, if Math isn’t your strongest subject and you don’t need to submit that SAT II, it might not beworth the time. If you’re wondering when to take an SAT II, the best advice is to take them as soon as you finish the class. They’re offered on the same day that the regular SAT is offered, so keep in mind that there aren’t any summer dates available. Overall, the SAT IIs are more than just another exam that you have to take. They’re a tool that can help your application stand out above the others around you, especially if you show your expertise in a subject that you’re interested in. If you’re looking for another way to put your best foot forward, see SAT II scores from students who got into your dream school. See their scores, along with their essays and stats, and find out what it takes for you to get in.

Life and Work of Jenny Holzer, Artist of Text-Based Truisms

Life and Work of Jenny Holzer, Artist of Text-Based Truisms Jenny Holzer is an American artist and political activist. Best known for her series of Truisms, text-based art exhibited in public spaces in the form of plainly worded statements written in bold, her work ranges in content from the neutral to the political. As both an exhibitor in public and private spaces, Holzer is keenly aware of the effects of her work on both the intentional and the casual passerby. She is inspired by reading, world events, and the contexts of her own life, though she seeks to be â€Å"out of view and out of earshot† in order to lend her work a voice of truth and trustworthiness. Fast Facts: Jenny Holzer Occupation: ArtistBorn:  July 29, 1950 in Gallipolis, OhioEducation: Duke University (no degree), University of Chicago (no degree), Ohio University (BFA), Rhode Island School of Design (MFA)Selected Works: Truisms (1977–79), Inflammatory Essays (1979–1982)Key Accomplishments: Golden Lion for Best Pavilion at the Venice Biennale (1990); member of the American Academy of Arts and LettersSpouse:  Mike Glier (m. 1983) Early Life and Education Jenny Holzer was born in Gallipolis, Ohio, where she grew up the oldest of three children. Her mother was an active participant in the community and her father was a car salesman. Holzer’s upbringing was rooted in Midwestern traditionalism, an attitude from which she believes the frankness in her art derives. â€Å"They want to get things done so they do it in the most expeditious way,† she has said of her fellow Midwesterners. â€Å"Expeditious as in fast and right.† It is perhaps for this reason that  her work is so often reproduced, as its split second appeal is derived from its keen ability to distill truths about our culture into digestible phrases. As a teenager, Holzer moved to Florida to attend Pine Crest Preparatory in Boca Raton before enrolling at Duke University for college. Holzer’s next few years were itinerant, seeing her leave Duke to enroll at the University of Chicago and then at Ohio University in Athens, where she received her BFA in Painting and Printmaking. Holzer would go on to receive her MFA from the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence. She married fellow RISD student Mike Glier in 1983 and had her daughter Lili in 1988. Early Artwork Holzer did not arrive at using text as the base of her artistic career without a few detours along the way. She began her life as an artist as an abstract painter, inspired by many of the great painters of Abstract Expressionism. By her own admission, she was only a decent third generation American abstract painter, as she felt that there was a more relevant way to communicate the fast-paced media culture that was on the rise in the late 70s and early 80s. Motivated by the conviction that her work ought to include discernible content (rather than the formal content of abstraction), but feeling the genre of social realism to be increasingly of the past, Holzer began placing words in her work, often in the form of found objects such as scraps of newspaper and other clippings. It was at this point that she began placing her work in public spaces to test their effect on passers-by. The realization that art could engage people who did not intend to see it, moving them to think or even provoking them to argue, motivated her to pursue text-based work. Truisms and Inflammatory Essays In her last year as an MFA student at RISD, Holzer rethought the inclusion of words in her work by using her own. She wrote a selection of one liners which were meant to distill truths encountered almost daily in Western civilization, which she then assembled into a series of posters. Though the phrasing of these posters was original, she sought to tap into universal sentiments that would seem familiar as ideas. â€Å"I want them to be accessible,† she said, â€Å"but not so easy that you throw them away after a second or two. Among these statements are phrases like â€Å"ABUSE OF POWER COMES AS NO SURPRISE,† â€Å"PROTECT ME FROM WHAT I WANT,† and â€Å"MONEY MAKES TASTE.† The Truisms, as they are known, have been posted in various locations throughout the world and have been translated into several languages. From Holzers Survivor Series.   Getty Images Thinking the Truisms too bland, Holzer began a series of political works also printed on posters in capital letters, which she called the Inflammatory Essays. With the allotment of a paragraph per poster, Holzer was able to dive into more complex ideas and explore more controversial topics. Art, Technology, and Public Space Holzer’s work has always been intertwined with technology, and in 1992 she began using LED signs for a project commissioned by the Public Art Fund for Times Square. Enthralled by their ability to display text in motion, she continued using the signs as they lent her words a neutral authority that the posters could not, as posters carried with them the connotation of anarchist protests. Since 1996, Holzer has worked with light based projections as installations, using the facades of monumental buildings as the canvas onto which she projects scrolling text. Holzer’s use of the institution as the base upon which her work rests has been the inspiration for numerous political protests since Holzer developed the method. Though Holzer’s work is largely concerned with text, its visual expression is a key element of her work. From the deliberate eye catching colors of the Inflammatory Essays laid out in grids to the speed and font of her scrolling texts, Holzer is a visual artist who has found her voice in words, an artistic medium she found best expressed her views on the culture of media in which she came of age. The material of these signs- whether they be LED lights of the carved stone of her Sarcophagi series- is equally as important as their verbal content. Jenny Holzers light projections on the faà §ade of 30 Rockefeller Plaza.   Getty Images Holzer’s work centers around text and its placement in public spaces. Using billboards, jumbotrons, lighted signs, and walls, Holzer uses city streets and areas of public interaction as her canvas. She is interested in the ability of public art to provoke a reaction and perhaps start a conversation. Not all Holzer’s work is staged outdoors, and when she does exhibit in gallery spaces, she is equally deliberate with their curation as she is when planning work publicly. As she is conscious of the museum goers slowed pace, she takes the opportunity to construct more complex interactions among her works, often juxtaposing different mediums. Reception and Legacy Holzer’s work has been presented in countless exhibitions and retrospectives across the world. She has won numerous prizes, including the Golden Lion for Best Pavilion at the 1990 Venice Biennale (where she represented the United States), and has been honored by the French Government with a diploma of Chevalier from the Order of Arts and Letters. In 2018, she was selected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, one of 250 living members. Sources Art 21 (2009). Jenny Holzer: Writing Difficulty. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?vCxrxnPLmqEsKort, C. and Sonneborn, L. (2002).  A to Z of American Women in the Visual Arts. New York: Facts on File, Inc. 98-100.Waldman, D. Jenny Holzer. (1989). New York: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in association with Henry N. Abrams.Tate (2018). Jenny Holzers Inflammatory Essays: Why I Love. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?vONIUXi84YCc

Information on Arizona Education and Schools

Information on Arizona Education and Schools When it comes to education and schools, each state takes its own unique approach. For the most part, state governments and local school boards develop educational policy and mandates that shape education and schools within state and local boundaries. Though there is some Federal oversight, most highly debated education regulations are shaped more closely to home. Trending educational topics such as charter schools, standardized testing, school vouchers, teacher evaluations, and state adopted standards typically align with the controlling political parties philosophy. These differences have made it difficult to compare education and schools between states accurately.   They also ensure that a student living in a particular state will be receiving at least a somewhat different education that a like student in a surrounding state. There are many data points that can be used to compare education and schools among states. Though it is a difficult endeavor, you can begin to see differences in educational quality by looking at shared data in regards to education and schools among all states. This profile of education and schools focuses on the state of Arizona. Arizona Education and Schools Arizona State Department of Education Arizona State Superintendent of Schools:  Diane Douglas District/School Information Length of School Year: A minimum of 180 school days is required by Arizona state law. Number of Public School Districts: There are 227 public school districts in Arizona. **** Number of Public Schools: There are 2421 public schools in Arizona. **** Number of Students Served in Public Schools: There are 1,080,319 public school students in Arizona. **** Number of Teachers in Public Schools: There are 50,800 public school teachers in Arizona.**** Number of Charter Schools: There are 567 charter schools in Arizona. Per Pupil Spending: Arizona spends $7,737 per pupil in public education. **** Average Class Size: The average class size In Arizona is 21.2 students per 1 teacher. **** % of Title I Schools: 95.6% of schools in Arizona are Title I Schools.**** % With Individualized Education Programs (IEP): 11.7% of students in Arizona are on IEPs. **** % in Limited-English Proficiency Programs: 7.0% of students in Arizona are in limited-English Proficient Programs.**** % of Student Eligible for Free/Reduced Lunches: 47.4% of student in Arizona schools are eligible for free/reduced lunches.**** Ethnic/Racial Student Breakdown**** White: 42.1% Black: 5.3% Hispanic: 42.8% Asian: 2.7% Pacific Islander: 0.2% American Indian/Alaskan Native: 5.0% School Assessment Data Graduation Rate: 74.7% of all students entering high school in Arizona graduate. ** Average ACT/SAT score: Average ACT Composite Score: 19.9*** Average Combined SAT Score: 1552***** 8th-grade NAEP assessment scores:**** Math: 283 is the scaled score for 8th-grade students in Arizona. The U.S. average was 281. Reading: 263 is the scaled score for 8th-grade students in Arizona. The U.S. average was 264. % of Students Who Attend College after High School: 57.9% of students in Arizona go on to attend some level of college. *** Private Schools Number of Private Schools: There are 328 private schools in Arizona.* Number of Students Served in Private Schools: There are 54,084 private school students in Arizona.* Homeschooling Number of Students Served Through Homeschooling: There were an estimated 33,965 students that were homeschooled in Arizona in 2015.# Teacher Pay The average teacher pay for the state of Arizona was $49,885 in 2013.## Each individual district in the state of Arizona negotiates teacher salaries and establishes their own teacher salary schedule. The following is an example of a teacher salary schedule in Arizona provided by the Dyzart Unified School District. *Data courtesy of Education Bug. **Data courtesy of ED.gov ***Data courtesy of PrepScholar. ****Data courtesy of the National Center for Education Statistics ******Data courtesy of The Commonwealth Foundation #Data courtesy of A2ZHomeschooling.com ##Average salary courtesy of National Center of Education Statistics ###Disclaimer:   The information provided on this page changes frequently.   It will be updated regularly as new information and data become available.

Tesla (electrocar) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Tesla (electrocar) - Essay Example The use of electric cars is increasing in all economies in the current epoch. A battery stored electrical energy or electric motor helps to run the contemporary electric cars manufactured by Tesla Motors. The modern electric cars produced by Tesla comprises of efficient electric motors that facilitates in generating torque. Torque helps to generate smooth and strong acceleration to such cars. The Tesla electric cars are considered to be the safest cars in the automobile market. There are many car models of Tesla:- Model S: a 7 seating electric car generating no emissions. 265MI EPA range of certification. 4.2 sec, 0-60 (acceleration). Model X: comprising of a dual motor, one of the motors is well equipped to work well in all road and climatic conditions, generating a torque of 50%. 5 sec, 0-60 (acceleration). It has a 60 or 85 kWh powered battery. The model uses does not uses any gasoline. The firm has planned for its new designed electric car, Model X Design Prototype, the car would be launched for sale from 2014 and its price would be that of Model S. All the products of Tesla are eco friendly and unique in style (Teslamotors, 2013). Other Large Competitors. Vehicule Electriques Pininfarina Bollore, BYD Auto, Nissan and Renault are four giant automobile companies that have launched excellent models of electric cars. Such cars symbolize class, status and environmental consciousness of the users. SIC Codes. The Standard Industrial Classification Code (SIC) of the automobile industry in United State is 37111. Trade Magazines and Labor Unions. The automobile firms like Tesla require large number of laborers for its manufacturing, operational, marketing and retail outlets. Several trade magazines have talked about the good virtues of the automobile industry facilitating high employment generation. However, it should also be considered that when the number of employees in an industry is high, the bargaining power of the workers rises. Labor union leaders ensure int erests of the employers in the workplaces. It has been empirically observed that the strong labor unions of the automobile market in U.S. have compromised the competitive powers of the companies in the global market. In the last thirty years it has been found that the labor union leaders have forced American firms to increase the level of trade barriers. Labor unions have made U.S. automobile companies lose their market shares to the foreign rivals. The labor unions demand for high wages from the companies. Delphi pays $76/hr to its workers. It is estimated that in every car sales of a company in U.S., the labor union achieves a benefit of $2000. Sometimes the big automobile companies like Ford have ceased some of its operating plants for pricy labor costs (Teslamotors, 2013). Figure 1: U.S. Auto Labor Markets (Source: Author’s Creation) The above graph shows the U.S. auto market, high intervened wages rates set by the labor unions reduce the quantity of car produces and incr eases the cost prices. It generates a deadweight loss into the industry. Imports and Exports. Despite of the disturbances of labor unions, U.S. auto industry enumerated a surplus trade balance from 2010 to 2011. The aggregate imports and exports of cars across the world on average in U.S. have increased. The percentage change in imports is 12.4% and percentage change in exports is 17.9%. On total, aggregate sales have increased and have changed by 7%. However, when regional disparities are

Human resources planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human resources planning - Assignment Example The factors that influence the demand for products and services, as well as skills competencies are put into consideration and how these factors may continue to influence demand. The company’s supply chain boosts for lower inventories, smoother production plans, reduced stock-outs, and improved customer service as a result of better forecasting techniques. The supply technique adopted by the organization is effectively done to ensure that production is done for the right quantities and the right time. For this reason, the suppliers of YWCA Niagara have always strived to find ways to match demand and supply in order to achieve optimal levels of cost, customer service, and quality that guarantees a competitive advantage with other suppliers, especially in the HR market (Armstrong, 2007). The YWCA Niagara supply chain is designed in such a way that problems that affect delivery may have ramifications throughout the chain. Demand and supply in the human resource department are done by reviewing the data available in the HR audit and projections made for future HR demand and supply. The internal labor force in the organization may be affected by temporary factors such as leaves and permanent factors such as deaths. One of the  core  methods used by the company to forecast the future HR supply is trend analysis. The method is based on the assumption that past ratios and trends in the movement of employees is stable and is a reliable indicator of the future trends and the necessary ratios of employee movement (Belcourt, & Belcourt, 2012). The company makes use of the information collected in HR audit and employment data analysis to identify the labor patterns. The examination of past trends enables the HR department to predict the effect of similar activities in the future of the organization since the HR department makes the assumption that the factors will remain stable and unchanged. Although trend analysis is not

Functional Assessments and Intervention Strategies Essay Example for Free

Functional Assessments and Intervention Strategies Essay Dewolfe (1997) discusses the relevant points on the book written by Reichle and Wacker (1997) about the effective approaches in terms of assessing challenging behaviors; and what are the intervention strategies that could be employed in order to decrease the risks for the development of a challenging behavior. According to Reichle and Wacker (1997), the most effective venue for the assessment of challenging behavior could be conducted in natural environments such as home, school and local community (para 2). Also, another key factor that must be kept in mind with regards to changing childrens challenging behavior is the idea that when one wants to change a behavior of a particular child, it necessarily follows, that the behavior of those people around her should also be changed. Effective interventions are also very relevant most specially the rate, quality and the effort that is given on the reinforcement (para 3). Reichle and Wacker (1997) also emphasized that Communications Based Interventions are the best approach in terms of dealing with challenging behavior (para 4). Such a type of intervention should be followed by a functional assessment that should be able to understand the child very well. In effect of this, what will one have is a communication based approach that perfectly matches the need of the child. The facilitation of an intervention program has been emphasized by Reichle and Wacker (1997) has to be conducted in natural settings. As such, the traditional notion that interventions should be normally done in clinics are no longer that patronized. Discussion The rate in which challenging behavior has been increasing now a days is understandable. On the advent of the 21st century where everything is in set to be in fast paced, most parents tend to forgot their responsibility to their children. On the first part of this paper, the author was able to enumerate the different causes and various risk factors of challenging behavior. In a nutshell, one could see that majority of the causes stem out because the mother fails to take care of her child during the prenatal stage and even during the early years of the child. Fox, Dunlap and Powell (2002) emphasized the necessity of early intervention during childhood in order to prevent the development of challenging behavior. In addition with this, the perception that problematic behaviors among toddlers and preschool-age children should not be dismissed as mere effects of his or her development stage. Rather, parents should be vigilant to see the patterns and the rate in which challenging behaviors occur and significantly think of a plan in order to address such a problem. The case of June is a good example on how a child develops challenging behavior during her life. June is perceived to be raised in a broken family. It could be implied that the source of family income is solely shouldered by her mother, hence leaving her and her siblings with small amount of time. In addition with this, the fact that June has two other siblings that her mother have to take care and worry about, further decreases the chance that June could be given appropriate attention and guidance. It is clear from the history of June and her other siblings that they somehow share the same patterns of behavior. Although the author could not completely distinguish if such is the result of how they are reared or maybe how did their mother take care of herself during pregnancy; but it could be seen that such a pattern of behavior is clearly evident to be existing within her family circle. The manner in which June was assessed, intervened and treated in her school could be seen as one of the most effective steps in which one could deal with challenging behavior. The team used a Communications Based Intervention (Reichle and Wacker (1997) in order to deal with the problem. One could recall that the manner in which the teacher talked to June allowed her to express her feelings and also allowed her to tell stories that upset her within the family and also within the school. In addition with this, the assessments that were made to June are done in a natural environment, such as her school. It could be recalled that various attempts are also made by Junes residential and community program placements, but such proves to be null. As such, the author perceived that the assessment at the school, wherein June spends mostly her time is a very effective approach because not only that she will be able to properly relate with her peers, such an approach will also pave the way for more understanding and willingness to support among her teachers. Reicle and Wacker (1997) emphasized the need of other people to also change their behaviors if they wanted to help a child with challenging behavior. It could be significantly noted that Laursen (2005) claimed that the team that is taking care and assisting June has also made an effort to make her educators understand the depth of her problem and how their support could help her to overcome her challenging behavior. In relation with this, the author wanted to introduce the notion of Positive Behavior Support (PBS) of Fox, Dunlap and Powell (2002) in order to change challenging behaviors among children. The PBS is tailored to meet the specific needs of the child and also takes into careful consideration all of the contexts in which problems with regard to challenging behaviors emerge. The model devised by Dunlap and Fox (1999) as cited from Fox, Dunlap and Powell (2002) creates an Individualized Support Program (ISP) that seeks to help the family and the childs care givers in order to change his or her difficult behavior. The ISP model revolves on two major steps which is the functional assessment and the person centered planning. The functional assessment focuses on accumulating detailed information about the childs behavior, activities, and other contexts that could be helpful for the family, taking into consideration the cause and effects of a particular behavior. Consequently, the person-centered planning centers on the expression of the childs dreams and other challenges that the child perceived to have within his or her family. After such, a behavior support plan will be created which is perfectly in accordance to the specific needs of the child.