A List of the Worlds Largest Islands

Below you will find a list of the largest islands in the world based on size or area followed by a list of the largest islands in the world based on population. Largest Islands by Area Great Britain Source: Times Atlas of the World Largest Islands by Population Source: Wikipedia

Hiv / Aids And Hepatitis C - 911 Words

HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C: How It Relates to Substance Abuse Introduction Everyday people put themselves at risk of catching a virus, but when an individual is an abuser of substances the odds of catching an infection become much higher. There are instances one may experience and brush off as not serious for example, one may assume that catching a cold poses no substantial threat to any individual as it usually passes in a week. However, if the individual is immunocompromised due to being HIV positive, even the common cold suddenly becomes deadly. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), â€Å"more than 1.2 million people in the United States are living with the HIV infection† (â€Å"HIV in the US,† 2015). In addition to the HIV virus, people who abuse substances are also at risk of contracting Hepatitis C (HCV). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reports that there are about 3.2 million people living with a chronic infection of Hepatitis C (â€Å"Office of Population affairs,† 2012). Though this does not apply to all who abuse substances, many engage in risky behaviors that make them more vulnerable of falling victim to such viruses. The misuse of drugs often impairs the functions/judgments of those using them, which ultimately lead to making poor decisions. These decisions can range anywhere from engaging in unprotected sex to exchanging used needles. Both HIV and HCV live in an infected person’s blood and bodily fluids and are thereforeShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pagesdrug abusing that are worrisome to the public. Fears such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS) are just one of the few. Unlike many virus’s once a person has contracted HIV, they have it for life. HIV will attack T cells in the body which are used to fight off infections; over time HIV can destroy many of these cells leaving the body unable to fight off infections (AIDS, 2016). There is no cure for HIV/AIDS; therefore, once a person is infected with the virus only medication can be used to controlRead MoreUnderstanding Bloodborne Pathogens Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagessignificant bloodborne pathogens are HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Some of the other bloodborne pathogens include Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Syphilis. These are less significant and not as life threatening as the two listed above. Hepatitis B The Hepatitis B virus is a disease that affects the liver and results in swelling and loss of normal function in the liver. It is estimated that 350 million people are infected with Hepatitis B worldwide, with 50 million newRead MoreBenefits Of Using Needle Exchange Programs1529 Words   |  7 Pagescrucial. It’s important keeping drug dependent people free of HIV this prevents its spread to their partners and their children. In order to provide necessary care, free sterilized needles should be given to drug users. The public should be advised of positive effects of needle exchange programs and warned of the risks of not supplying adequate syringes. The provocative idea of giving drug addicts clean needles to help slow the spread of HIV/AIDS was first broached in 1985. This concept has been underRead MoreVaccine For Hiv Happen On The Horizon By 2030924 Words   |  4 PagesVaccine for HIV maybe on the horizon by 2030 HIV is Inevitable. It’s hard to believe that it has been 35 years since the first appearance of HIV in the US. It has claimed millions upon millions of people thus far. There is still a staggering number of people out there that are infected with this crippling disease. Everyone wants, wish, or even dream of a Cure, but a Vaccine could be a within reach in the near future. Through Money, Research and Development, we are sure to see a big changed in HIV by 2030Read MoreAnaemi An Iron Deficiency Disorder1213 Words   |  5 Pagesbe successful; this is then given over several hours through an IV which is placed in the arm. Many other diseases can cause anaemia such as kidney failure, crohns disease etc these all can interfere with the making of red blood cells. Hepatitis C: Hepatitis C is another disorder which affects red blood cells, it can be treated with a combination of various medications which will help stop the virus from spreading and multiplying inside the body, without these medications the virus can get worseRead MorePrevention Of Hcv Infection : Prevention1318 Words   |  6 Pagesrisk for illicit drug use or high-risk sexual practices. Counseling and testing to prevent HCV infection should be conducted in settings where persons at high risk are identified, including correctional health programs, and clinics that treat STDs, HIV/AIDS, and substance abuse (10) (Box 7). The high prevalence of HCV infection and risk associated with HCV infection among inmates requires inclusion of HCV prevention activities in correctional settings. To be effective, risk reduction among this populationRead MoreEssay On The Increase Of Disease Among Drug Users1556 Words   |  7 PagesTechnical Arts School Abstract Another method used to reduce the spread of HIV among injecting drug users is through needle exchange programs (NEPs). In these programs, users can either exchange their used needles for an equal number of new, sterile needles or receive new ones without the requirement of an exchange. These programs also offered a variety of other services in addition to syringe exchange, including HIV/AIDS education and counseling, condom distribution, substance abuse, medical treatmentRead MoreThe Hiv Virus And Then Resources1318 Words   |  6 PagesTwo types of support for beloved ones 6. Appendix â€Æ' Introduction This report includes a brief introduction on the HIV virus and then resources that are available to the individuals that have been affected by HIV. It also includes measures that can enhance the quality of life of those affected and the effects this can have on the affected individual’s beloved ones. HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus which attacks the immune system which weakens the sufferer’s ability to fight infectionsRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) Or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1281 Words   |  6 PagesA major epidemic across the world is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Accredited with 10% of the HIV cases annually is injection drug use (AIDS.gov, 2014). A study done in 2010 showed that injection drug use affected nearly 47,500 new HIV infections in the United States. With 625 being males and 38% being female. Breaking it down even further, African Americans made up 50% of the newly affecting using injection drugs, Whites 26%, and Latinos/ HispanicsRead MoreEssay Blood Borne Pathogens and Disease Transmission986 Words   |  4 Pagesfluids are known as blood borne pathogens, and can spread from one person to another. (Worcester polytechnic institute) The most serious t ypes of blood borne diseases are the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which can cause liver damage; and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), which is responsible for causing AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The blood borne pathogens can be spread when the blood or body fluids (semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, and amniotic fluid) of an

Principles of Farm Animal Husbandry †Intensive and Extensive Farming Free Essays

The terms intensive and extensive within farm animal husbandry refer to the methods animals are raised and processed. Intensive farming – Generally referred to as industrial and factory farming, this method is used to aid mass production of meats and dairy. Farm animals are kept in specially built units all year round in order to better control feeding and management. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Farm Animal Husbandry – Intensive and Extensive Farming or any similar topic only for you Order Now Examples of these can be found in battery cages to house chickens to aid egg collection, and farrowing crates to restrict sows within breeding units. Animals can be fed, watered and cleaned by automatic systems such as feed hoppers and drinkers. Extensive farming – Can also be linked with free-range, animals are able to freely move around and graze outdoors. This method is usually utilised in regions with a lesser demand, such as more open rural areas. There are some cases where animals can be part intensive and extensively farmed. For example, a sheep may spend the majority of it’s time outdoors, but will be brought indoors and intensively farmed during lambing season. One of the negative impacts created by intensive farming is the increase in manure. Before intensive farming was introduced, farmers would ordinarily spread livestock manure onto fields for the crops benefit. However, some farmers have begun specialising in areas, crop growing or livestock, which means intensive livestock farmers have to store slurry, which can emit methane, and then travel to areas where this can be disposed of. However, this can be argued as a benefit to farmers who still produce crops as well as manage livestock as the slurry is readily available in great quantity to aid growth of their crops. Another problem appears to be the welfare of the farm animals. Instead of being able to display natural behaviours such as grazing, social and maternal instincts outdoors as with extensive farming, these animals are kept in confined spaces, which can cause signs of discomfort, lameness and even aggression. That being said, intensive farming is essential in order to keep supplying food to an ever growing population. The Five Freedoms The original concept first appeared within the Report of the Technical Committee to Enquire into the Welfare of Animals kept under Intensive Livestock Husbandry Systems, the Brambell Report, December 1965 (HMSO London, ISBN 0 10 850286 4). This acknowledged the need for farm animals to have freedom â€Å"to stand up, lie down, turn around, groom themselves and stretch their limbs† â€Å"The Five Freedoms are: 1. Freedom from hunger and thirst – By ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour;† Ensure troughs, nipple drinkers and any other feeding instruments are at an appropriate location and height for animals, and that these instruments are cleaned and checked for blockages on a daily basis. All cattle require that sufficient roughage be readily available. Sheep require fresh, clean water be available at all times. â€Å"2. Freedom from discomfort – By providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area;† Ensuring there is enough space for the animal to move freely and have fresh, clean bedding appropriate to that species, such as straw. A pigs resting area should remain dry, which can be achieved by being on a slightly higher level than its dunging area. â€Å"3. Freedom from pain injury or disease – By prevention or by rapid diagnosis and treatment;† Livestock housed intensively should be kept in buildings with an effective ventilation system and kept out of draughts to minimise respiratory problems. Monitoring for signs of disease, stress, illness, infestation and lameness is essential to ensure this can be dealt with appropriately and promptly. Ensuring all farm animals have appropriate vaccinations against diseases, such as bluetongue in cattle. Procedures should be in place to isolate and treat any injured or sick animal. Any animals should be humanely killed if found to be incurable. â€Å"4. Freedom to express most normal behaviour – By providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animals own kind;† Farmers should determine space allowance according to animal, class, age, and size. For example, DEFRA provide this table as an example of good practise within housed sheep – (1) Normal social interaction is important too, for example, pigs housed indoors are kept in groups after weaning, usually separated by gender. Toys, like footballs, can also help with the enrichment of the animal. â€Å"5. Freedom from fear and distress – By ensuring conditions and treatment to avoid mental suffering.† (2) Ensuring stock-keepers are fully trained and have the knowledge and skills to carefully manage any farm animal sympathetically, from being able to handle and herd the animals effectively, to providing accurate injury or illness care. Environment and Housing Requirements for Pigs The Welfare of Farmed Animals (England) Regulations 2003 states there are different requirements, in terms of space and temperature, dependant on the stage, size and class of pig. Though, some factors have to be taken into account throughout all types, such as comfortable and dry bedding, which can be seen in all the below images, as the college farm uses clean, fresh straw throughout. (3) (4) Farrowing Sows and Piglets – The image directly below shows a sow with ten piglets within the farrowing village in the college farm. This shows the sow and piglets have enough space to stand up and manoeuvre, inside and out of the arc. The above images show a drinker, providing clean fresh water, and a feeding trough providing pellets. Weaner and Rearing Pigs – The same regulations state the minimum unobstructed floor area available to each weaner and rearing pig should be at least – (5) The above picture shows the colleges pigs in first stage. Weaners and rearer pigs should have adequate space in order to exercise, feed and for all pigs to lie flat on their side simultaneously, which the above pictures demonstrate. The images also show feeding troughs are raised and at an accessible height for the pigs to feed comfortably and separately from resting areas. Dry Sows and Gilts – (6) (2) As well as being able to move around freely, the pigs resting area requires to be elevated in comparison to its dunging area to ensure their resting area remains clean and dry. Concrete slatted floors are used within the pig unit as this proves to be smooth and easy to keep hygienic and also not slippery which could lead to accidents and injury. Lighting, ventilation and temperature control is also vital to promote pig health. The college pig units provide natural lighting and ventilation within the roofs, the latter of which help remove noxious gases and control temperatures. Controlling the pig’s feeds and bedding also helps maintain the appropriate temperature. As mentioned previously, the recommended temperature varies dependant on the category of pig, the table above shows this. Livestock Health and Welfare There are two main factors to be taken into account whilst discussing health and welfare, those being mental and physical. In terms of livestock mental health and welfare, one of the factors to take into account would be the animal’s stimulus. This could be objects the animal can entertain itself with, such as a ball, or even just animals of the same species to interact with. An animal may suffer mentally or become stressed if it is left segregated without anything to aid mental enrichment. On the physical side, illnesses common within certain farm animals may be a problem if not properly vaccinated against, illnesses such and foot and mouth among pigs and cattle. Respiratory problems can occur if housing for farm animals does not have the required ventilation measures in place. Issues could occur during the transportation of livestock; whether this is physical in that the animal is mishandled or if the transportations flooring is not so as to prevent slipping, or mentally in that the animal may become stressed, especially if force is used within the process. All these aspects and more all come down to one main factor, stockmanship. Providing stock-keepers have the acquired knowledge and skills from onsite training and relevant courses, these factors should all be well manageable. From handling skills and care, to preventing and treating illnesses and parasites, and other general maintenance required to ensure health and welfare is upheld. How to cite Principles of Farm Animal Husbandry – Intensive and Extensive Farming, Papers

International Marketing Democratic Country

Question: Describe about the International Marketing for Democratic Country. Answer: Macro-environment Analysis Political environment The political condition of Singapore is stable and being democratic country, the business in the country in a peaceful manner. However, Recently Singapore has been facing the threat from the terrorist attack. Thus, the business operating in the country might get affected due to the attack. Foreign relations/ trade The free trade agreement that Singapore has signed with Japan, Australia, India and China has been will be beneficial for the import and export of milk. In addition to this, Singapore is also a part of the ASEAN free trade, Singapore-European Free Trade Association (ESFTA) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GSFTA) (Sites.google.com 2016). Social and cultural environment Singapore is a place where a number of religions exist and prevails with each other. recently, the Muslim religion has started distancing itself from other communities, which might give rise to problems in the business sector. Economic environment In the year, 2016, the economic freedom score in Singapore was 87.8 point, which shows a downfall of 1.6 points. Singapore has been ranked second in the global ranking and the GDP of the country is $452.7 billion (Heritage.org 2016). Technological environment Technologically Singapore is quite strong and hence, it will help the diary industry to import the products in a proper and timely manner from the foreign countries. Agricultural environment The agricultural environment in Singapore is not strong and hence, the dairy industry is not string in Singapore. The agricultural industry contributes less than 10% to the GDP of the country and employs only 1% of the entire population of the country (Commonwealthofnations.org 2016). As a result, the dairy industry is mainly depended on import of the products rather than production in the country. Microenvironment Analysis Product market analysis The consumption of milk is growing at a steep rate in Singapore but the dairy industry is entirely dependent on the import of the products from the United States. The products are mainly distributed with the help of retailing. The products are displayed in the retail chains from where the customers can buy. Some of the companies even operate with the help on online marketing as well. Competitive analysis The competitors present in the dairy industry in Singapore are: Danz marketing Japfa food distributors pte ltd Flexible packaging pte ltd Vega foods Singapore Kuskez pte ltd Takiyah global The similarity of the competitors is that they all have to import the diary products from the foreign lands to operate the business in the country. It has also been seen that the companies who are operating in the market of Singapore are locally based; however, they have based their business on the foreign goods (Companiess.com 2016). 5. Opportunities in Singapore The milk industry in Singapore has recorded a stable growth in the country. The domestic milk industry is focused on the development of the industry by concentrating on production, factories for the processing of the milk and the storage and distribution within the country. Even though, the country has low population of 5.399 million, yet it has high per capita income of USD 355,183 (Euromonitor.com 2016). One of the famous companies that have contributed to the growth of milk industry in Singapore is F F Foods recorded a value share of 27% in the year 2015. F F Foods has a strong sale with its brands like, Nutrisoy, Daisy, Magnolia, Seasons, Pura and Farmhouse. Even though the consumers are more inclined to fat free and skimmed milk, yet the consumers of Singapore has shown different trend of consuming full fat milk. According to the consumers, full fat milks gives a richer taste to coffee and has a taste of its own that cannot be matched by other variants of milk. As Singapore is a part of the Asia Pacific region of the world, hence, the opportunities of growth of the milk industry in Singapore is ample. The Asia Pacific region held a market share of 33% in the global market (Mordorintelligence.com 2016). The number of non-alcoholic drinkers has grown in the Asia Pacific region and hence, the opportunities of the milk industry in Singapore have developed in a significant manner. The demand for infant nutrition has triggered the demand of milk among the consumers in Singapore. The ageing population is also rising in Singapore, which has triggered the consumption of pro-biotic products among the people in Singapore. Thu, it can be seen that the milk industry Singapore is going strong and there is a high chance of further growth of the industry in the country. Threats in Singapore The main problem of the milk industry in Singapore is that it heavily relies on the imports of the milk products excessively from Australia. In addition to this, the import of raw milks is not allowed in the country of Singapore (Dairy Australia 2013). Thus the main threats to the milk industry of Singapore is the threats of high pricing and the threats of diseases that is coming in the country due to the import of the milk. As they are importing the milk from Australia, hence, they have to pay the price as per the Australian currency. There has been a bit of relief due to the free trade agreement and hence, some of the political constraints due to the import and export of milk has reduced a bit. On the other hand, the import of raw milk has given rise to infections due to the foot and mouth diseases among the animals of other countries (Oie.int 2016). Thus, the main threats to the milk industry of Singapore will be faced from biological point of view and the business point of view. References Commonwealthofnations.org,. 2016.Find Agriculture expertise in Singapore.Commonwealthofnations.org. Retrieved 7 October 2016, from https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors-singapore/business/agriculture/ Companiess.com, 2016.List of Global Dairy Companies in Singapore. [online] Companiess.com. Available at: https://www.companiess.com/singapore_dairy_product.html [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Dairy Australia, 2013.Dairy 2013 Situation and Outlook. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/~/media/documents/stats%20and%20markets/s%20and%20o/may%202013/dairy%20situation%20and%20outlook%20may%202013%20-%20full%20report.pdf [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Euromonitor.com, 2016.Dairy in Singapore. [online] Euromonitor.com. Available at: https://www.euromonitor.com/dairy-in-singapore/report [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Heritage.org,. 2016.Singapore Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption.Heritage.org. Retrieved 7 October 2016, from https://www.heritage.org/index/country/singapore Mordorintelligence.com, 2016.Singapore's UHT Milk Industry Growth | Opportunities and Upcoming Projects |. [online] Mordorintelligence.com. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/market-entry-uht-milk-industry-in-singapore [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Oie.int, 2016.List of FMD free Members: OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health. [online] Oie.int. Available at: https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/fmd/list-of-fmd-free-members/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Sites.google.com,. 2016.Political and Legal Environment - Onward Singapore.Sites.google.com. Retrieved 7 October 2016, from https://sites.google.com/site/onwardsingapore/political-and-legal